AutoProber

AI-driven hardware hacking arm — CNC-controlled PCB probing with an LLM agent

AutoProber is an open-source hardware security research platform that puts an LLM agent in control of a physical CNC machine to autonomously probe circuit boards. The build uses off-the-shelf parts: a webcam, a USB microscope, a cheap CNC frame, and a probe tip. The agent handles the full hacking workflow — target PCB discovery, microscope-assisted mapping of test points, CNC motion planning with safety bounds checking, and controlled pin probing for UART/JTAG/SWD interfaces. The software stack is pure Python. The agent generates motion commands in a DSL, validates them against hardware safety constraints before execution, and updates an exploration map as it discovers new test points. GainSec posted a demo video showing the arm autonomously locating and probing a router PCB's debug interface without human intervention after initial setup. What makes this genuinely novel isn't the individual components — hobbyists have built CNC probers before — but the LLM-in-the-loop architecture that turns the whole process from a manual expert skill into a semi-automated one. Security researchers who previously needed 15 years of experience to read a PCB layout now have a tutor and co-pilot on the physical bench.

Panel Reviews

The Builder

Developer Perspective

Ship

“The safety constraint validation layer before any CNC motion is the right call and shows the author understands what goes wrong when you mix LLMs with physical actuators. The DSL for motion commands is clean. This is a real research tool, not a toy.”

The Skeptic

Reality Check

Skip

“The agent hallucinates PCB pin assignments in about 20% of cases based on the demo, which in a physical system means a bent probe or a shorted component. The hardware cost to build a reliable version is non-trivial, and you still need domain expertise to validate what the agent decides.”

The Futurist

Big Picture

Ship

“This is physical AI applied to the supply chain security problem. AI-assisted hardware auditing could eventually make it practical to spot tampered firmware chips or backdoored components at scale — a national security capability currently gated behind a tiny pool of expert humans.”

The Creator

Content & Design

Skip

“Not my domain, but the demo video is one of the coolest things I've seen this week. The moment the arm autonomously repositions based on the microscope view is genuinely impressive. Niche hardware security tool, but an inspiring proof of concept for physical AI.”